Main Article Content
Abstract
Nano-elastic vesicles (NEVs), including transferosomes, ethosomes, and elastic liposomes, have emerged as promising drug delivery systems to overcome the biopharmaceutical limitations of conventional anticancer therapies. Their unique deformability, nanoscale size, and ability to traverse biological barriers enable improved drug solubility, stability, bioavailability, and site-specific delivery. This review critically examines recent advances in the formulation design, physicochemical characterization, in vitro and in vivo performance, and translational prospects of nano-elastic vesicles in oncology. Emphasis is placed on formulation strategies, mechanisms governing enhanced permeation and retention, pharmacokinetic modulation, therapeutic efficacy, safety considerations, and regulatory challenges. The review aims to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale development and clinical translation, highlighting opportunities and future directions for NEV-based anticancer drug delivery.