Development of Novel Lornoxicam-Loaded Mucoadhesive Buccal Films Using Natural Biopolymers for Sustained Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Abstract

This study aimed to formulate and enhance Lornoxicam-loaded mucoadhesive buccal films utilising natural biopolymers to ensure prolonged anti-inflammatory efficacy and increased patient adherence. Lornoxicam, a powerful NSAID characterised by low oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal adverse effects, was developed into buccal films to circumvent first-pass metabolism and extend therapeutic efficacy. Six formulations (F1–F6) were developed by the solvent casting method with pullulan, Lycoat® RS 720, and gellan gum, with glycerol serving as a plasticiser and xylitol as a sweetener. Films were assessed for physicochemical characteristics, mucoadhesive strength, residence duration, and in vitro drug release. FTIR analyses validated the compatibility between the medication and excipient. Among all batches, F6 demonstrated superior mechanical strength, robust mucoadhesion, extended residence time, and sustained drug release. The release kinetics conformed to first-order and Korsmeyer–Peppas models, suggesting anomalous diffusion. Accelerated stability experiments indicated favourable physical and chemical stability. The optimised buccal film offers a promising alternative to traditional oral Lornoxicam treatment for chronic inflammatory disorders.