Recommended order

1. Title page
2. Abstract and keywords
3. Main text appropriate to the article type
4. Acknowledgements and author-contribution statement
5. Ethics, consent, trial registration, data, funding and competing-interest declarations
6. References
7. Tables, figure legends and supplementary-material description

Title page and author metadata

Provide a concise informative title; all author names in publication order; department, institution, city and country for each affiliation; a clearly identified corresponding author with email address; and ORCID iDs where available. Avoid unrecognised qualifications and honorary titles in the byline. A running title may be added when helpful.

Abstract and keywords

Original research should use a structured abstract such as Background, Objective, Methods, Results and Conclusion, including essential numerical results rather than general claims. Reviews should state their purpose, information sources or approach, principal findings and conclusions. Do not cite references or introduce undefined abbreviations in the abstract. Supply 3–6 specific keywords, using recognised biomedical terms where suitable.

Main text for original research

Pharmaceutical reporting details

• Formulation studies: identify material grades and suppliers, composition, processing parameters, controls, batch numbers, optimisation strategy, validation and stability conditions.
• Analytical studies: state instruments, reference standards, calibration, sample preparation, validation characteristics, system suitability and applicable guidance.
• Pharmacology and toxicology: report model justification, randomisation, blinding, dose rationale, route, timing, controls, humane endpoints and statistical unit.
• Pharmacokinetic studies: describe sampling, assay, model or non-compartmental methods, key parameters, below-quantification handling and bioavailability or bioequivalence criteria.
• Natural products: give accepted taxonomy, plant part, origin, collection and permit details, voucher specimen, authentication, extraction, chemical characterisation and standardisation.
• Clinical and pharmacy-practice research: define setting, population, exposure or intervention, comparator, outcomes, missing data, confounding and patient/public relevance.

Statistics

Identify the statistical software and version, prespecified analyses, sample-size rationale, assumptions, handling of missing data and multiplicity where relevant. Report exact P values when practical, together with effect sizes and confidence intervals. Distinguish technical replicates from independent experimental units. Statistical significance alone should not be presented as clinical or practical importance.

Tables, figures and images

Number each item in order of citation. Tables must be editable, self-contained and not screenshots. Figures should remain legible at publication size. State the meaning of error bars and all symbols. Changes to brightness, contrast or colour must apply to the complete image and must not obscure, eliminate or misrepresent information. Any grouping of lanes, fields or images must be visibly separated and explained. Permission is required for reused copyrighted material.

Required end matter

Use separate labelled statements for author contributions, acknowledgements, funding, competing interests, ethics approval, consent to participate, consent for publication, clinical-trial registration and data availability. Write “Not applicable” only when the item genuinely does not apply; do not omit the heading to conceal missing information.